Containerization Wikipedia. An ocean containership close to Cuxhaven. Containerization is a system of intermodal freight transport using intermodal containers also called shipping containers and ISO containers. The containers have standardized dimensions. They can be loaded and unloaded, stacked, transported efficiently over long distances, and transferred from one mode of transport to anothercontainer ships, rail transportflatcars, and semi trailer truckswithout being opened. The handling system is completely mechanized so that all handling is done with cranes 2 and special forklift trucks. All containers are numbered and tracked using computerized systems. Containerization originated several centuries ago but was not well developed or widely applied until after World War II, when it dramatically reduced the costs of transport, supported the post war boom in international trade, and was a major element in globalization. Containerization did away with the manual sorting of most shipments and the need for warehousing. It displaced many thousands of dock workers who formerly handled break bulk cargo. Cargo-ship-e1495100716575-620x330.jpg' alt='Cargo Securing Manual For Container Ship' title='Cargo Securing Manual For Container Ship' />Shipping Container Converted To Storage Shed Storage Shed Sales Huron Sd Shipping Container Converted To Storage Shed Fine Woodworking Shed Storage Shed Tie Down. Ship employment Transport of dangerous goods at sea The MS Dangerous Goods and Marine Pollutants Regulations 1997 SI 19972367 regulation 11 specifies a. Cargo Container Securing Container Lashing Container Barge Container Ship Railroad IBC Container Twistlocks, Container Turnbuckles, Container Lashing Bars. Containerization also reduced congestion in ports, significantly shortened shipping time and reduced losses from damage and theft. Containers can be made of weathering steel to minimize maintenance needs. Loading assorted break bulk cargo onto ships manually. Before containerization,4 goods were usually handled manually as break bulk cargo. Typically, goods would be loaded onto a vehicle from the factory and taken to a port warehouse where they would be offloaded and stored awaiting the next vessel. When the vessel arrived, they would be moved to the side of the ship along with other cargo to be lowered or carried into the hold and packed by dock workers. The ship might call at several other ports before off loading a given consignment of cargo. Each port visit would delay the delivery of other cargo. A36%3A59.png?version=1&modificationDate=1400488622438&api=v2' alt='Cargo Securing Manual For Container Ship' title='Cargo Securing Manual For Container Ship' />Delivered cargo might then have been offloaded into another warehouse before being picked up and delivered to its destination. Multiple handling and delays made transport costly, time consuming and unreliable. Containerization has its origins in early coal mining regions in England beginning in the late 1. In 1. 76. 6 James Brindley designed the box boat Starvationer with 1. Worsley Delph quarry to Manchester by Bridgewater Canal. In 1. 79. 5, Benjamin Outram opened the Little Eaton Gangway, upon which coal was carried in wagons built at his Butterley Ironwork. The horse drawn wheeled wagons on the gangway took the form of containers, which, loaded with coal, could be transshipped from canal barges on the Derby Canal, which Outram had also promoted. By the 1. The Liverpool and Manchester Railway in the United Kingdom was one of these. Background. Pirates fired rocket propelled grenades at a container ship as it passed through waters south of Somalia on its way to the Kenyan port of Mombasa. Simple rectangular timber boxes, four to a wagon, they were used to convey coal from the Lancashire collieries to Liverpool, where they were transferred to horse drawn carts by crane. Originally used for moving coal on and off barges, loose boxes were used to containerize coal from the late 1. Bridgewater Canal. By the 1. 84. 0s, iron boxes were in use as well as wooden ones. Before containerization, goods were usually handled manually as break bulk cargo. Typically, goods would be loaded onto a vehicle from the factory and taken to a port. Inbound Logistics glossary of transportation, logistics, supply chain, and international trade terms can help you navigate through confusion and get to the meaning. The early 1. 90. 0s saw the adoption of closed container boxes designed for movement between road and rail. Twentieth centuryeditOn 1. May 1. 91. 7 Benjamin Franklin Fitch inaugurated exploitation of the experimental installation for transfer of the containers called the demountable bodies based on his own design in Cincinnati, Ohio in US. Later in 1. 91. 9, his system was extended to over 2. Prior to the Second World War, many European countries independently developed container systems. In 1. 91. 9, Stanisaw Rodowicz, an engineer, developed the first draft of the container system in Poland. In 1. 92. 0, he built a prototype of the biaxial wagon. The Polish Bolshevik War stopped development of the container system in Poland. In 1. London to Paris, Golden ArrowFleche dOr, by Southern Railway and French Northern Railway, began. For transport of passengers baggage four containers were used. These containers were loaded in London or Paris and carried to ports, Dover or Calais, on flat cars in the UK and CIWL Pullman Golden Arrow Fourgon of CIWL in France. At the Second World Motor Transport Congress in Rome, September 1. Italian senator Silvio Crespi proposed the use of containers for road and railway transport systems, using collaboration rather than competition. This would be done under the auspices of an international organ similar to the Sleeping Car Company, which provided international carriage of passengers in sleeping wagons. In 1. 92. 8 Pennsylvania Railroad PRR started regular container service in the northeast United States. After the Wall Street Crash of 1. New York and the subsequent Great Depression, many countries were without any means of transport for cargo. The railroads were sought as a possibility to transport cargo, and there was an opportunity to bring containers into broader use. Under auspices of the International Chamber of Commerce in Paris in Venice on September 3. Maritime Station Mole di Ponente, practical tests were done to assess the best construction for European containers as part of an international competition. In the same year, 1. USA Benjamin Franklin Fitch designed the two largest and heaviest containers in existence anywhere at the time. One measured 1. 76 by 80 by 80 with a capacity of 3. In November 1. 93. Enola the first container terminal in the world was opened by PRR Pennsylvania Rail. Drivers Trio Stealth. Road company. 9 The Fitch hooking system was used for reloading of the containers. The development of containerization was created in Europe and the US as a way to revitalize rail companies after the Wall Street Crash of 1. In 1. 93. 3 in Europe under the auspices of the International Chamber of Commerce the International Container Bureau French Bureau International des Conteneurs, B. I. C. was established. In June 1. 93. 3, the B. I. C. decided on obligatory parameters for containers used in international traffic. Containers handled by means of lifting gear, such as cranes, overhead conveyors, etc. I containers, constructed after July 1, 1. Obligatory Regulations Clause 1. Containers are, as regards form, either of the closed or the open type, and, as regards capacity, either of the heavy or the light type. Clause 2. The loading capacity of containers must be such that their total weight load, plus tare is 5 metric tons for containers of the heavy type 2. Obligatory norms for European containers since 1 July 1. Categorylength mwidth mhigh mTotal mass tonsHeavy types. Close type 6. 23. Close type 4. 22. Open type 6. 13. 2. Open type 4. 12. 1. Light Type. Close type 2. Close type 2. 01. Open type 2. 12. 1. In April 1. 93. 5 BIC established second standard for European containers 9Obligatory norms for European containers since 1 April 1. Category. Length mWidth mHigh mTotal mass tonsHeavy types. Close 6. 23. 2. 52. Close 4. 22. 1. 52. Open 6. 13. 2. 52. Open 4. 12. 1. 52. Light Type. Close 3. Close 2. 21. 0. 52. From 1. 92. 6 to 1. United States, the Chicago North Shore and Milwaukee Railway carried motor carrier vehicles and shippers vehicles loaded on flatcars between Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and Chicago, Illinois. Beginning in 1. 92. Seatrain Lines carried railroad boxcars on its sea vessels to transport goods between New York and Cuba. In the mid 1. 93. Daily CARGO. com. Oct 4, 2. 01. 6Yokohama Kawasaki International Port Corp. YKIP on Sept. 2. Under the plan, YKIP aims to boost its container handlings to 4. TEUs by fiscal 2. TEUs, as well as increase its trunk routes to more than 1. As for port facility development, YKIP aims to open D 1 terminal at Honmoku Pier by 2. MC 3 east side and MC 4 at Minami Honmoku, planning to kick off operation of these terminals at an early stage. Further, YKIP claimed that it will map out a development plan as soon as possible for the New Honmoku Pier. Sep 2. 9, 2. 01. 6A meeting of the four parties relating to Narita Airport, namely Chiba prefecture the surrounding nine municipalities, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism MLIT and the Narita International Airport Corporation NAA, was held on Sept. NAA conducted a survey report pertaining to improvements to the functionality of Narita Airport. In addition to the airports land boundaries and the specific position of the No. The proposal would reduce nighttime flight restrictions to four hours, from 1am to 5am, and would also abolish the restrictions on the number of flights after 1. With regard to relaxation of nighttime flight restrictions, NAA stated that it would like to reopen discussions regarding a possible implementation timeline after gaining the understanding of the area in terms of actual specifics of the plan and other. Sep 2. 6, 2. 01. 6Maersk Group announced its new business strategy on Sept. At the same time, it also revealed plans to look into separating its oil development division. Given the stagnant state of the shipping market and the deteriorating business environment due to depreciation of crude oil prices, the company will reorganize its operations into two divisions, which will each move forward with new growth strategies. Maersk Line, which is a core part of its transport and logistics division, will aim to expand its market. Sep 8, 2. 01. 6Komatsu is moving forward with improving its distribution through the utilization of Kanazawa Port. Last year, it implemented a system in which it handles heavy cargo at the port via RORO roll onroll off ships through partnership with Sun Star Line and other operators, and began utilizing RORO ships for exporting press machines manufactured at its Kanazawa plant Kanazawa, Ishikawa prefecture. It has revised its procedures so that it is able to load the machines onto the RORO ships alongside construction equipment from its Awazu plant Komatsu. With this, it has been able to benefit from economy of scale in terms of freight rates, as well as improve the cargo handling quality and efficiency for press machines. Going forward, it will promote. Sep 1, 2. 01. 6Hanjin Shipping announced at the board of directors meeting held on Aug. The company presented a proposal for business normalization at the end of last week that included additional funding amounting to 5. Korea Development Bank KDB and the rest of its creditors rejected such proposal on Aug. With the de facto bankruptcy, the company will be targeting restructuring under the control of the court henceforth, but some of its operational vessels are already being seized right now. Further, Hanjin has a much bigger scale than those that have gone under in the past and this is the first. Aug 3. 0, 2. 01. 6In order to increase the number of departure and arrival slots to 3. Haneda Airport Tokyo International Airport by 2. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism MLIT plans to expand passenger terminal buildings and other facilities. In this plan, the existing terminal buildings for international flights will be enhanced and a part of the Domestic Terminal 2 will be a shared facility for international and domestic flights. In order to compensate for the decline in the capacity for domestic flight, new facilities will be put in place. Specifically, a boarding bridge for domestic flights will be newly added to the apron on the north side of the Domestic Terminal 2. This apron is also located on the east side of the domestic flight east cargo area, so the new facility will be constructed in a way that it will no impact on the cargo area and warehouse stations. The plan will be adjusted among MLIT, Japan Airport Terminal, airport facilities operators, airlines, and other concerned parties and moved forward so that these enhanced facilities. Aug 2. 5, 2. 01. 6On Aug. ALL NIPPON AIRWAYS ANA Group announced its air transportation business plan for the second half of FY2. Based on demand trends, the group will restructure a part of routes on its freighter networks as the freighter capacity on a ton kilometer basis decreased by 1. With regard to the international cargo business, the volume of transportation increased in the first quarter April June 2. ANAs spokesperson stated at the interview held on Aug. We anticipate that the balance of supply and demand will stay unchanged during the July September period. We therefore plan to reduce the volume of supplies in order to improve the substance of operations. ANA plans to adjust supply and demand in the second half of current fiscal year and improve profitability through the operation of charter and extra flights during the peak season. Aug 9, 2. 01. 6On August 5, Amazon showcased its first B7. F aircraft modified cargo aircraft, its registration number is N1. A at the Seafair 2. Boeing Air Show held from August 5 7 in Seattle, Washington. Its nickname is Amazon One. The aircraft has been decorated with the logo of Prime Air on the body and the mark of Amazon on the tail. Amazon has concluded agreements for the lease of 2. B7. 67. F aircraft with each of Atlas Air Worldwide Holdings AAWW, the parent company of Atlas Air, and U. S. based Air Transport Services Group ATSG. Atlas Air will operate B7. BCF aircraft introduced at the show for Amazon. Jul 2. 0, 2. 01. 6International Air Transport Association IATA and International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations FIATA have agreed to implement the IATA FIATA Air Cargo Program IFACP to replace the existing IATA Cargo Agency Program. By shifting from the previous system that continued over several decades to the new system, they will bring the relationship between forwarders and airlines to an equal level in the industry and establish organizations for management and operations that are more suitable for the todays market conditions. IATA and FIATA plan to obtain approval at the FIATA World Congress 2. October 2. 01. 6 in Dublin. It is anticipated that the IFACP will be launched on a trial basis in early 2. Canada and full global rollout will be completed by the end of 2. Jul 2. 0, 2. 01. 6South Korea based Hyundai Merchant Marine HMM has joined with the 2. M alliance, which is formed by Maersk Line and Mediterranean Shipping Company MSC under vessel sharing agreement. HMM announced that it will launch a new service next April. HMM has signed an MOU with Maersk and MSC and plans to carry out necessary procedures for relevant authorities in each country going forward. HMM aims to strengthen the service system and reduce costs whereas Maersk and MSC will be able to reinforce services provided in the Pacific area. HMM held an extraordinary shareholders meeting on July 1. In addition, its creditors will convert debts into stocks shortly. Thus HMM expects a drastic improvement in its financial standing.